Which treatment modality has not been highly rated for effectiveness in empirical research?

The choice that has not been highly rated for effectiveness in empirical research is the use of educational tapes, lectures, and films. This treatment modality generally focuses on providing information and education rather than engaging individuals in therapeutic processes that encourage personal reflection, emotional processing, and coping skills development.

Research has indicated that while education about addiction and recovery can be beneficial, the passive nature of these methods—such as watching tapes or attending lectures—tends to lack interaction and personal engagement, which are crucial elements in facilitating behavior change. Active participation in therapy, whether through individual or group therapy, often proves more effective as it addresses the underlying psychological and social factors that contribute to addiction.

Individual therapy offers a personalized approach, allowing the therapist to tailor interventions to the individual’s specific needs, while group therapy facilitates peer support and shared experiences, fostering a sense of community. Medication-assisted treatment also has substantial empirical support, especially for certain substance use disorders, as it combines pharmacological interventions with therapeutic support.