Which two substances are primarily associated with substance use disorders?

The selection of alcohol and opioids as substances primarily associated with substance use disorders is rooted in the prevalence and impact of these substances in substance use disorders. Alcohol is one of the most widely consumed psychoactive substances and is often linked to significant impairments in social, occupational, and psychological functioning, leading to a high incidence of substance use disorders. Opioids, which include prescription pain relievers as well as illicit drugs like heroin, have seen a dramatic rise in use and related disorders in recent years, particularly due to their addictive nature and the opioid crisis which has heightened awareness of their dangers.

Together, these substances exemplify the spectrum of substance use disorders, showcasing both legal (alcohol) and illegal (opioids) substances. Additionally, both have profound societal implications and are closely monitored within public health perspectives due to their extensive abuse potential and consequences on individuals and communities.

While other substances listed—such as methamphetamine, cocaine, marijuana, nicotine, and barbiturates—are also associated with substance use disorders, the overall prevalence, social consequences, and healthcare focus regarding alcohol and opioids make them particularly prominent in the context of addiction and treatment.